The curtain wall is the outer wall of the building. It does not bear weight and hangs like curtains. Therefore, it is also called "curtain wall". It is a lightweight wall with decorative effects commonly used in modern large and high-rise buildings. A building envelope structure or decorative structure that is composed of panels and supporting structure systems that can have a certain displacement capacity relative to the main structure or have a certain ability to deform itself and does not bear the role of the main structure (the outer wall frame-type support system is also a curtain wall system Of one).

　　Among the modern curtain wall products, there are four categories: glass curtain wall, metal curtain wall, stone curtain wall, and clay panel curtain wall.

　　Among them, the types of glass curtain wall mainly include frame-type open-frame curtain wall, frame-type hidden frame curtain wall, unit-type hidden frame curtain wall, unit-type open-frame curtain wall, point-type (cable) glass curtain wall, awning and lighting roof, etc .;

　　The type of metal curtain wall mainly includes aluminum veneer curtain wall, perforated aluminum plate curtain wall, metal shutters (decorative shutters and rainproof shutters) and metal awnings, etc .;

　　The stone curtain wall mainly includes a back bolt stone curtain wall, a through-hook stone curtain wall, and a plug-in hook stone curtain wall.

Secondly, according to the glue and waterproof form, the stone curtain wall and aluminum plate curtain wall can also be divided into open and closed curtain walls.

Beautiful building curtain wall case in modern city

　　I. Common quality problems of curtain wall engineering

近年来，随着建筑行业的新工艺、新材料逐年涌现，各大地产集团对品牌影响力和建筑质量的追求越来越高。幕墙作为高层与超高层建筑的好伙伴，其在工程中常见的各类问题亦是大家关注的重点。同时，幕墙工程中常见的质量通病，成为了一大研究课题。总结的幕墙质量通病主要有：

　　1、幕墙系统水密性、气密性能不符合要求(结构漏水、漏风)，如图：

        2、横竖框的安装精度问题，如图：

        3、饰面质量问题，如图：

    4、饰面不平和波光反色，如图：

    5、缝隙不直，如图：

    6、密封打胶的质量问题，如图：

    7、饰面色差，如图：

    8、震动和噪音，如图：

    9、材料不符合要求，如图：

    除以上9点外，还有一些在工程中的质量问题，细节应该引起注意。

    如玻璃附框与玻璃粘接时加工质量不好，超差严重，有玻璃附框不顺直的质量问题，也有玻璃附框断面与玻璃平面阶差尺寸超差较大的，还有铝附框45°对角接缝尺寸超差的等质量问题。

    钢插芯与铝框内壁间垫的尼龙垫片处理的不好，有的铝框内壁与钢插之间没有垫片，达不到规范要求，而另一边又垫的过多，且垫的不实，受力状态不好,转接件做法或伸缩缝做法不对。

二、幕墙工程质量通病在常见的问题中，我们分析存在的基础和原因，主要有以下几类，并提供给大家通常的解决方案。

问题1：幕墙系统水密性、气密性能不符合要求(结构漏水、漏风)

解决方案：

　　1、招标时选择好的幕墙单位;

2、在方案设计论证时应重点研究防漏水方案和防水材料的选用，充分利用幕墙顾问公司审图，优化设计方案;

　  3、深化设计时严格审核防水节点，不能过分迷信顾问公司，必须严格把关;

　　4、做好技术交底、严格执行施工样板管理;

　　5、加强材料进场验收和质量把关;

　　6、施工措施和安装工艺要科学合理;

　　7、做好隐蔽工程验收和各部位的专项验收记录;

8、幕墙结构漏水主要部位一般是在采光顶，女儿墙以及不同结构和界面的交接部位，譬如铝板与石材交接部位、单元板块十字接缝、幕墙翻窗和雨篷排水沟边缘等都是重点管理和检查部位。

参见部分节点图，窗口底横框签图节点，防水效果不好。

窗口底横框防水节点在现场被改成的节点，防水效果较好

问题2：横竖框安装的精度问题直接影响饰面的平整度和胶缝宽度等质量

解决方案：

1、制定合理放线方案和控制放线精度;

2、选用先进设备;

3、控制安装质量，选择好的施工队伍和幕墙管理班子。

问题3：饰面不平和波光反射是幕墙饰面主要质量问题，直接影响建筑效果

解决方案：

1、方案设计和深化设计合理减小分格尺寸，使材料大小均匀，减少加工和安装难度;

2、招标时限定材料品牌，选用和限定技术能力好的材料加工厂;

3、做好质量监造，把好材料出厂关;

4、做好材料运输、储藏和安装过程程中的管理，铝板、石材和玻璃的运输、储藏尽量不要叠摞过高，应采用直立码放，底部垫软木方;

5、严格施工样板先行制，加强现场质量检查和验收。

问题4：打胶质量问题直接影响气密性和水密性，影响建筑使用和感观

解决方案：

1、选择好的施工队伍和幕墙管理班子;

2、施工样板先行制，对打胶工培训、考核上岗;

3、控制安装质量，加强质量检查和验收。

问题5：饰面色差直接影响建筑感观效果

解决方案：

1、招标时选择好的幕墙施工单位，严格要求饰面质量标准，限定材料品牌和加工厂家;

2、驻厂监造，做好厂家石材预排版,把好出厂关，尽可能将石材毛料一次性订货加工;

3、减少铝板订货批次，减少喷涂影响，并尽量缩短安装周期，减少氧化褪色的影响;

4、玻璃配色或参数配置技术要求较高，尽量限定技术能力好的玻璃厂家，并尽量将玻璃原片一次订货加工，控制玻璃深加工质量;

5、加强材料进场和安装前质量检查和验收，有条件尽量做好石材现场预排版;

6、控制安装质量，及时检查和验收。

问题6：震动和噪音影响建筑使用功能

解决方案：

1.Bid selection of a good curtain wall unit and a good construction team and a good curtain wall project management team;

2. Make full use of the curtain wall consulting company to review plans and optimize the design plan (reduce or reduce the opening fan and increase the hardware lock point;

3.During the inspection and determination of the visual model or design template, find out in time, and find out unreasonable structural defects or processing process defects;

4. Discover construction technical quality problems through construction samples, strictly control quality standards, and strengthen installation quality inspection and acceptance.

Question 7: Non-compliance of materials directly affects the function of the building

solution:

1.Bid selection of curtain wall units with good integrity;

2. Strictly check when bidding, write down the technical requirements, strictly limit the material brand and do a good job of bidding review;

3. Avoid technically reducing the standards of the construction unit, strictly review the plans when deepening the design, and require the materials (models, specifications, configurations, components, etc.) to be clearly marked;

4.Sampling and confirmation of materials during bidding;

5.Strengthen the quality inspection, inspection and acceptance of materials;

6. Do quality inspection and acceptance of materials during construction.

to sum up:

The resolution of common engineering quality problems of curtain walls is not overnight. It should start from the foundation, start from the bit, check the details, and avoid the quality problems before and during the process. This needs to be coordinated with other professions first. Should pay attention to 4 points:

1. The design and construction of the curtain wall should consider the coordination and cooperation with the logo and the floodlight professional. The location of the logo and floodlight should be considered in advance. When the logo and floodlight need to be installed on the curtain wall, it must consider its impact on the curtain wall in advance. The force method and waterproof method ensure that the curtain wall structure is strong and reliable, and the seal is tight and durable.

2. There are several issues that need to be considered for the coordination and cooperation between the curtain wall and the electromechanical major:

1) Coordinated installation of electromechanical water pipes and curtain walls. Due to the inconsistency with the drainage channel of the curtain wall, the downpipe of Vientiane City was dismantled a lot, which may cause water leakage if it is not handled properly.

2) Coordinated installation of mechanical and electrical air inlet and exhaust vent and curtain wall shutters. Because the curtain wall louvers are mostly completed before the electromechanical duct is not installed, the electromechanical duct and the curtain wall louvers are often not completely consistent, resulting in the shutters around the electromechanical duct cannot be closed, resulting in water leakage. Therefore, it is recommended that after the contract is signed, professional construction professionals must connect the air vents to the louvers, and must close the louvers around the air duct with galvanized steel and thermal insulation rock wool, or agree to be sealed by the curtain wall unit for a second time. Blocking.

3) When the temporary cables of electromechanical wires are routed between layers, they will affect the blocking of the curtain wall layers. When the temporary cables are removed, the mechatronics professional (or the coordination curtain wall professional) should be used to restore the blocking between the layers to avoid noise and odor. Spread.

3. Coordination and cooperation between curtain wall and hardcover professional. The cooperation between curtain wall and hardcover professional should mainly consider the installation of indoor top curtain boxes or the closing between the hardcover ceiling and the curtain wall. In addition, it is necessary to pay attention to the closing between the ground and curtain wall. Pay attention to the closing between the partition wall and the curtain wall. If it is handled well, it will not only facilitate hardcover construction but also reduce noise.

4. The coordination of the curtain wall with civil waterproofing and outdoor landscape can avoid water leakage. When civil waterproofing or curtain wall construction, first consider whether it interferes with the curtain wall structure. Care must be taken to ensure that the buried parts of the curtain wall are not damaged as much as possible. After the curtain wall mullion welding is installed, the civil works should be coordinated to restore and repair the waterproof. The construction sequence and construction nodes of curtain wall, civil waterproofing and outdoor landscape should be studied in advance, unified and coordinated to ensure the construction quality of each specialty.

Secondly, in the way of quality management, we must adhere to six principles:

(1) Weekly quality report: Drawing on the experience of fine decoration supervision, NC report, x items;

(2) fines for quality problems that have not been rectified for a long time;

(3) Replace the unqualified quality inspector: 2 times;

(4) Weekly opening wall design and quality special meeting;

(5) Never rely too much on design institutes and consultants;

(6) Issue documents in time to remind the construction unit of quality problems and on-site management problems.

In short, before designing and constructing the curtain wall, try to coordinate and coordinate with each other in advance, coordinate with each other, and consider comprehensively. At the same time, adhere to the perfect quality management system, do a good job of prevention and timely treatment, or it may affect the overall building facade. The effect may also interact with other professions in subsequent construction, causing water leakage, air leakage and noise, etc., and affecting the construction quality.